Pediatric Laryngeal Papillomas

Laryngeal papillomas are small, wart-like, growths that develop on the larynx and vocal cords. They can affect the normal function of the vocal cords and lead to breathing difficulties.

What are Pediatric Laryngeal Papillomas?

Laryngeal papillomas (also known as recurrent respiratory papillomatosis) form in varying sizes and develop within the respiratory tract, most often affecting the larynx (voice box). When the vocal cords (also called vocal folds) become covered with these fast-producing nodules, they do not vibrate effectively to produce sound. As a result, your child’s voice is hoarse and weak.

As papillomas spread in the respiratory tract, they can grow on the trachea (windpipe), bronchi and occasionally, the lungs. When papillomas obstruct the airway, they can cause breathing difficulties.

Laryngeal papillomas are benign (noncancerous) growths in the vast majority of cases. In rare cases — less than 1 percent — they can become cancerous. Papillomas can be stubborn when removed and often grow back.

Laryngeal papillomas are usually diagnosed by the age of 12 and can go into remission (disappear) when a child hits puberty (between the ages of 10 and 14 for girls and between the ages of 12 and 16 for boys*).

What are the signs and symptoms of Pediatric Laryngeal Papillomas?

Infants (birth to 1 year**):

Symptoms of laryngeal papillomas in infants include:

Children age 1 year and older:

The most common symptom in children is hoarseness. Symptoms can also include:

Choking
Chronic cough
Difficult and noisy breathing
Difficulty swallowing
Feeling like a foreign body is stuck in the throat
Loss of voice
Shortness of breath
Trouble speaking
Voice that's weak, strained, breathy or low pitched

*Age of puberty is middle childhood to teenage years as defined by the Center for Disease Control (CDC).**Age of infants as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO).

What are the causes of Pediatric Laryngeal Papillomas?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes laryngeal papillomas. In most cases, it’s transmitted to children as they pass through the birth canal of their mother with HPV. Some cases develop before birth.

Risk Factors

Children are most at risk for laryngeal papillomas if they are:

The firstborn child
Delivered vaginally
Born when their mother is under age 20