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Pediatric hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)

Pediatric hypoglycemia (hy·​po·​gly·​ce·​mia) or low blood sugar, occurs when the blood glucose falls below 70 mg/dl.

Overview

What is pediatric hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)?

Hypoglycemia can occur if your child is not eating enough carbohydrates at meals or snacks. However, low blood sugar levels may differ depending on your child's age. It is important to be prepared with a glucagon emergency kit, including 15g of fast-acting carbohydrates. 

Call 911 if the patient is unconscious or having a seizure followed by instructions given by your endocrinologist or primary care provider.

Normal glucose levels:

  • Before a meal: 80 – 130

  • 2 hours after a meal: less than 160

Signs and Symptoms

What are the signs and symptoms of pediatric hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)]?

  • Aggression

  • Behavior changes

  • Blurred vision

  • Confusion

  • Convulsions or Seizure

  • Crying

  • Dilated pupils

  • Dizziness

  • Drowsiness

  • Fatigue

  • Headache

  • Hunger

  • Inability to concentrate

  • Irritability

  • Leg cramps

  • Nervousness

  • Nightmares

  • Paleness

  • Shakiness

  • Stomachache 

  • Unconsciousness

  • Weakness

Symptoms may also be noticed when there is a rapid decrease of the level of blood glucose, even if the blood glucose level is not low.

Hypoglycemia unaware

Some children (especially those less than six years of age) may not make adrenaline when they have a glucose log. They may not have signs or symptoms of a low glucose. You might see behavior change such as sleepiness or irritability with a low glucose.

Test the glucose to determine if your child is having low blood sugar. For your child's safety, please notify school staff and caregivers if your child does have these symptoms.

Causes

What are the causes of pediatric hypoglycemia (low blood sugar)?

  • Not eating enough carbs at meals or snacks

  • Too much insulin or taking the wrong dose

  • Increased physical activity/exercise

  • Illness with vomiting

Treatment

How is pediatric hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) treated?

Use the "Rule of 15"

  • 15g fast acting carbohydrates

  • Retest glucose in 10-15 minutes

  • Repeat if necessary and contact your endocrinologist or primary care provider

Doctors and Providers

Resources